Every rule in the report is the SSA's own.

SSA, Full Retirement Age by year of birth. The schedule setting FRA from 66 (for those born 1943–1954) up to 67 (born 1960 and later), with two-month steps in between.
ssa.gov/benefits/retirement/planner/agereduction.html

SSA, Early or Late Retirement. The reduction for claiming before FRA: 5/9 of one percent per month for the first 36 months, and 5/12 of one percent per month beyond that, producing a 30 percent cut at age 62 when FRA is 67.
ssa.gov/oact/quickcalc/earlyretire.html

SSA, Delayed Retirement Credits. The 8 percent per year added to your benefit for delaying past full retirement age, accrued monthly and capped at age 70.
ssa.gov/benefits/retirement/planner/delayret.html

SSA, my Social Security account. Where you find your own estimated monthly benefit at full retirement age, the single most important number you give the report.
ssa.gov/myaccount

SSA, Actuarial Life Table (Period Life Table). The life expectancy figures that anchor the longevity assumptions used to total the lifetime benefit at each claiming age.
ssa.gov/oact/STATS/table4c6.html

SSA, Cost-of-Living Adjustment (COLA). The annual adjustment that raises benefits at all claiming ages together, which is why it does not change which age produces the largest lifetime total.
ssa.gov/cola